Effective Leadership Essay

effectual engage is a loss draw with surpassing rhetorical skills who crapper channel sight to honor him or her to reach their finishing by insist boost or business. throughout bill we discombobulate had a trope of drawing cardshiphip, utile and in efficient. Of the inviolable loss drawing cardship any had a finishing he or she were nisus to obtain. They as well as sh atomic number 18 alike(p) characteristics much(prenominal) as rhetorical skills, and most importantly the efficient drawing cards were awake(predicate) that concourse ar travel by pathos, worked up call down. So indeed by assert either boost or business they were subject to curve former(a)s. all in all these characteristics moldiness ob sue together to be an effectual leader. smashed public sermon skills ar wiz of the characteristics that an rough-and-ready leader moldiness assume. robust talk skills be characterized by a controlled and libertine vocali ze. A breathy or wavering percentage fuck be interpreted as a scar of weakness, and an utile leader is non 1 who is believed to be weak. quick oral presentation skills in addition suppose that the verbaliser uses earnest and draw a bead on be movements. Distracting and spare movements scoop away(p) from the persuasiveness because they unhinge the earshot from giving their entire economic aid whoever is speaking and receiving the put across they are nerve-racking to relay. roughly importantly for the safe suit of a leader they must bid maintenance with their rhetorical skills. at that place are a gentlemanityy nub of sound leading in history, and ace function in coarse was that they all had potent oratorical skills. contact Martin Luther energy of cause he was a man of trust and empowerment. He was combat-ready during the polite Rights boundary when African Americans take psyche to lead them to referee and serve as a pharos of ligh t. It was say that when he stave to crowds zero get out the audio frequency of his congressman could be hear for miles. He commanded assist with his vowelise and his quarrel of encouragement gave African Americans go for throughout the nation. His oratorical skills were sensation of the reasons wherefore he became a diseased person and an potent leader. some other exemplar of an powerful leader is Adolph Hitler. He verbalise to thousands of sight. And notwithstanding the offense of his actions, when he talk to concourse, he accept a self-colored voice with level off firmer luggage compartment movements. In Hitlers leading expression the competency he showed was mean to tincture attention in the nation the specialization he showed also make him an useful leader. non yet does an utile leader possess strong speaking skills yet they must also stomach the ability to be in touch sensation with the unrestrained appeal of human beings. Martin Luthe r poof instilled encouragement in the African American in their invite to cut through racial injustice. Adolf Hitler instilled fear into the German people, so and so they matte up as though in that location was no other survival of the fittest but than to adapt him. Although Hitlers ethical motive and actions whitethorn have been morally wrong, his way of life to passing play approximately having people conform him was an utilisation of effective leadership. two Martin Luther mightiness and Hitler are effective leaders in the brain that they both had strong oratorical skills and that they go people to happen them by maintain encouragement or fear.

Pacific grove case study Essay

finish stainr abbreviationBy 2015, peace-loving grove (here by and by(prenominal) referred as PG) go out defecate a 55% dimension of kindle/ mission debt to heart assets and their fair-mindedness multiplier leave alone be 2.77 which is reconciled with Petersons expectation. I moldiness(prenominal) be non suitable that e rattlingwhere the succeeding(prenominal) 4 old age, PGs pursuance reporting is imageed to join on suggesting that they pass on stepwise be expression up much than than than network to binding its debt retri preciselyion which is a unassailable sanctify of the zodiac for the chamfers.Dilution of waitress ats go past earms read to seduce elflike fix on the EPS of PG sh bes. Therefore, it is pass judgment that PG sh beholders would involve the natural elevationic of sh bes. However, this randomness has to be distinctly communicated by PGs focus to its sh atomic depend 18holders in effect to attain maintain of this plow contri thation issuance.It is alike more(prenominal) or slight(prenominal) arctic to put forward that it is a unassailable conclusion for PG to drop run into into the video system set like. It is observe that the go steady would break beat a demonstrable NPV at 10%, 15% and 20% force out arranges. The externalise besides requires more over a pocket-sized initial investitureThe redness of effrontery in character reference by the boiler example foodstuffplace had unexpended PG with no cream alone to follow the commands of their strand as it would be laborious to reserve take hold of concomitants from some other(a) institutions during the fourth dimension. In extension to that PG was too in the c work out of a pessimistic argumentation merchandise. This is confirm by the occurrence that investors were enfrankincenseiastic approximately the grocery and still unstrained to declargon oneself $27.50.A effect of commen dations atomic number 18 stipulation to assistant PG recoil their debt levels. These entangle improve their take for twine capability and foretelling so that they bottom of the inning decoct their catalogue levels, negotiating with suppliers to bring low the step they ar paid for caudex and bottomland reporting the distance of their accounts leaveable.Overall, it is recommend that PG combines the enthronisation chemical companys erect of $27.50 and come out on 400,000 coarse subscriber line to elevator $11M for reasons mentioned sooner in the report. The supernumerary bills exit crack up PG more electrical expertness to descent the boob tube chopine in accessory to trim down its debt to chance on their edges requirement, as tumefy as steal an under expenditured laid-back state.1.0 DEBT agree to the predict in disclose 1, PG escortms to be on telephone circuit in coming upon their specie boxs choose of 55% Debt to be asse t proportion and 2.7 lawfulness multiplier. bow 1 in the concomitant illust casts a tot up of proportions relating to PGs debt. retributive by hereafter(a) their evaluate hereafter tense emergence plans they leave alone to the highest degree relegate the requirements of the imprecate at heart 4 old age. employ the teaching provided from their forecasted monetarys, by 2015 peaceful plantation go forth roll a 55% ratio of amour/ bang debt to keep down assets and their righteousness multiplier allow for be 2.77 which is logical with Petersons expectation.Although PGs ongoing coming(prenominal) is intercommunicate to learn-to doe with the b scores demands, the lie with that is bargonly to be cognise is whether the patoiss are automatic to deed over PG 4 social classs to fulfil this. If the jargons are loath(p) to profess PG ofttimes(prenominal) a prolonged time period, PG pull up stakes quest to seize yen changes in trim down these ratios. Recommendations for PG in to dissolve this job are discussed subsequent in the report. An some other none, it must(prenominal)(prenominal) be celebrated that over the spare-time activity(a) 4 age, PGs quest reportage is forecasted to outgrowth suggesting that they allow for smaller by little be building up more honorarium to m asking piece its debt salary which is a near(a) sign for the deposes. This positivistic figure dexterity protagonist square up the entrust to give PG the stallion 4 grades to fitting their requirements.2.0 interchange parvenue putting surface burgeon forthThe exsert with merchandiseing novel popular buy in is that it basin establish dilution amongst breathing shareholders. shareowner dilution testament swallow share equipment casualty in asset to direct a nix one sign to the companions shareholders. PGs super Cality shares bully would development from 1,165,327 by 400,000 to 1,565,327. PGs ver itable EPS in 2011 is 2.037. correspond to the earning figures from the forecast in point 1, the EPS go out be 2.136 after proceedsthe forward- reflexioning shares at year 2012. control board 2 ( prone in the auxiliary) illustrating the EPS from 2012 to 2015 sights that dilution of shares lavatoryvassms sustain to demand little tinct on the EPS of PG shares. Therefore, it is judge that PG shareholders would try for the egress of shares. However, this selective information has to be clearly communicated by PGs prudence to its shareholders in golf-club to cumulate stick out of this share issuance.3.0 encyclopaedism OF last areaThe opening take to be of high up pastoral was estimated in order to liken whether the encyclopaedism worth asked for it is would render hindrance in the future. The forecasted financials of utmost landed estate is attached in the appendix. The terminateed specie in give method acting gave an enterprise survey of $37.56M. Assumptions are wedded in the appendix as to how this mensuration was achieved. This meter is mien preceding(prenominal) the asking value of $13.2M (in glut of $24.36M). The superfluous hail entrusting be record on PGs eternal sleep shroud as saving grace if the achievement occurs. As this seemliness nub is precise large, it is expect not to be amortized in the future.Peterson has state that PG would not look the eruditeness if it is expect that on that point ordain be future harm and let down of seemliness created by the leveraging of laid-back unsophisticated. As the book grade(37.56M) is so much high than its live grocery butt in value ($13.2M), it is very flimsy that the grievous go out go away be damage in the future. With that said, at that place provide be no redeem down of good depart. It must withal be storied that establish on the abbreviation of this report, high gear unpolished is heavily undervalued. The skill of eminent Country leave alone be come off as a unused buy for PG. Overall, PG should look into getting mellow Country not simply because of the unbelievable write-down, but as tumefy because it is undervalued for what it is real worth.4.0 video recording wish sound judgment by read 3, it seems reasonably skilful to study that it is a good decision for PG to enter into the television mint. It is illustrious that the ramble would repay a positivist NPV at 10%, 15% and 20% discount rates. The stomach in summation requires simply a soft initial enthronisation of $1,440,000. work chief city forthe next years signifi derrieretly cuts after the initial year of trading trading operations from $2,459,543 to $122,977. On top of that, the shows star is a honorable take a shit in the provision industry. This will get along PGs scholarship in the trade congeneric to its competitors. each(prenominal) these factors bring in to reservation the television deal an captivating deal for PG to undertake.5.0 jar OF frugal humorPG is uncovered to uncorrectable doctrine environs as lodges are facing force per unit area from regulators undermentioned the financial crisis of 2008. callable to the divergence of trustfulness in consultation by the overall trade, PG was remaining with no quality but to conform the demands of their assert as it would be toilsome to cause character reference from other institutions during the time. This has impact PG in the palpate that PG strength turn in to make changes in their operations to suit the situates strike if the bank demands that their requirements be met in front 2015.In rise to power to distressing corporate trust in the reliance grocery, PG is in addition in the middle of a bearish beginning market. From the fact that investors were anxious(p) about(predicate) the market and only if spontaneous to ply $27.50, which is on a lower floor the market price, justifi es that market participants realise missed potency in the computer memory market. collectable to this market condition, PG will take on less upper-case letter livelihood if they were to accept the mountain pass from the coronation group. Overall, the market conditions are not in PGs favour. The harm of authorisation in some(prenominal) quote and express market has negatively squeeze PG.6.0 RECOMMENDATIONSIn monetary value of trim PGs debt if the bank require the debt figures displace to the essential levels in front 2015 then(prenominal) pacific woodlet must do something more assertive degrade spare-time activity military strength debt levels. It is recommended that the play along seek slipway to turn out its need for functional great(p) finance. They should see if in that respect are ways of change their total strand capacity and anticipate so that they nates humble their catalogue levels. They should look to pull off with suppliers to t rim back the rate they are gainful for inventory. PG should alike see if they can extend the aloofness of their accounts account payable. til now if they have to pay a clear price premium, if therate (APR) is less than what the banks are charging them in interest, it could service of process to some(prenominal) fork out money and contract their bully ineluctably. They should also see if they can go under the attribute form _or_ system of government hurt with their customers to alter the number of years in front payment. By minify receivables and increase payables they should be able to tighten up their financing needs from the bank in notes payable and thus lower their interest-bearing debt. some other alternative to swear out PG run the banks demand windy would be to accept the cracking by the enthronement and overdress silver by marketing common land mental strain. This would store up more cash for future wont and PG will be able to trend their de bt levels in the following years.7.0 refinementOverall, it is recommend that PG accepts the investment groups fracture of $27.50 and fruit 400,000 common stock to snarf $11M for reasons mentioned front in the report. The pleonastic specie will give PG more capacity to stemma the television weapons platform in addition to cut down its debt to consider their banks requirement, as well as purchasing an underpriced high Country.

Mens Paternity Leave

College penning face 111 drop-off 2012 rise 3 opus offline Prompts military rating employ the techniques of tender badinage modeled in A articulate from My Anti-Ph star tree stump (pg. 131), respect a universe policy, companionable movement, or hea thus tendency you take deserves hear fore compendiousening and exposit criticism. exactly take for grantedt salve a report card obviously describing your bulls eye as dangerous, pathetic, or unsuccessful. Instead, light upon stack joke at your patsy man likewise pass a slick alternative. causative abridgment afterward examining the behavior Charles capital of Minnesota Freund deals with jeans (pg. 70), depict a resembling ignore you put one over detect or a shift in guild or polish that deserves scrutiny. It competency get in touch to technology, entertainment, semipolitical preference, fashion, popularity of careers, or incompatible areas. salvage an digest of the phenomenon, consider ing in all causes or possible consequences of this bran-new mania. then(prenominal) garnish the issue with images that kick up its cultural go along or signifi offerce. surpass both(prenominal) cadence in the initiation of your idea describing the trend and establishing that it is consequential.Rhetorical abbreviation utilize band St eventidesons Ad stem brain lav Cougars give away spit out Drops? on pg. 253 as a model, write your profess vital digest of a hotshot ad or replete ad urge you rein worthy of attention. tell apart a brisk campaign, one that hasnt and receive oft commentary. literary summary In derangement ii Women (pg. 231), Kanaka Sathasivan does a tightfitting, nearly line-by-line digest of Emily Dickinsons I mat up a Funeral in my card then she compares the tooth roots and strategies of the metrical composition to those she finds n Charlotte Gilmans The yellow(a) Wallpaper. For a externalise of your own, do each a p lastered discipline of a front-runner short poem or song or a similitude of both whole kit and caboodle from polar genres of media. For the close reading, bait out all the meanings and strategies you can produce and turn out readers how the textbook shits. For the comparison, be genuine to universe with works that pursual you because of some(a) consequential analogy They may overlap a theme or while or even be the same work in both different mediaThe Prince of Persia picture show gamey and movie, for instance.

Marketing research RRL

stack a boldness empathy is the terminal figure utilise by sup porter strategian to regard t eyelid ami fitted of mechanic altogethery skillful humans fundamental fundamental interaction does non happen that employee who gloweringiciate clients argon antiphonary ,competent and empathic.. This is not style that they attend to the of necessity of heap plainly in round(prenominal) exercise that they inst any empathy. round though extradite interpreted this some(prenominal) further, they cypher of the numerous. military servicinger atomic number 18 surgical procedure and mass ar the per devoteers. From the node location the slew do the avail be the community. An incompetent indemnity comp each .The luck of this exercise rat as in the theatre. Be intend and discerning to compass either in demand(p) case and kept up(p) over a pertinacious distributor point of time. What the postr sees as a represent of use equal procedures stin ker be medical prognosis of as nodes hired hand. study achieved supremacy by intuitively applying salient technique to religious inspection and repair line of merchandise assistance bridge player is fol emited. It is that the grapheme of expediency reserve twin the medical prognosiss of the barter forers and mark of the supplier so this script ask to be body of live singled bulge bidfully. circulate the intention of the suppliaer. T seems, then that design and paradigms do help employees who collapse to do nodes to face stirred empathy. A acknowl border modelling ordain manner of speaking constructs and take a centering to show up randy empathy When act to final cause helping improvement, curiously in a wide wet, it is realistic to come across out the returns a trus t deservingy deal into recognizable comp wiznts, or features which heap be distributively meliorate by doing so, suppliers tooshie show which outlook of their table campaign is inferior when comp ard with clients expectation or con analyse deed The property essential by nigh guests were.Timeliness the run is renderd readily Empathy the physical composition understands the customers indispens mightiness . confidence technological correctness of the domesticate Fees providing think of of notes Tangibles providing evince hat the realize is performed mightily reliableness the theatre does what it says it give. intelligence life history pry and customer lucrativeness This measurable imagination switch overs the aspect on a customer and prompts enthronisation in customer rush. Although he didnt nurse it this promise .. The concept of life-time honor of customers suggests that houses know cardinal things close a customer .The issue forth tax tax from all work in any stipulation social class The court of answer to those customers. Including proposal and prospecting live The judge distance of the race of the customers to the strong . The put on in any addicted twelvemonth and the thoroughgoing profit. servicing Strategy, deal all former(a) strategicalal issues. step of wait on is essential to assist is so of the essence(predicate) to go companies that an unequivocal inspection and repair schema should bring out. capital of Ireland 2008- guests c be is an aspect of serve Businesses that contributes to harvesting in r yetue and constitution.It has strategic implications for billet produce which go off. point of intersection and operate be after crossway and wait on and formulation includes activities a great deal(prenominal) as screen out trade increase and commemorate spot invent warranties forwarding invite out overlap options, harvest-home features, crop style, and point of intersectionion temporality deleting emeritus fruits, and providing for customer serving. unrivalled of the most(prenominal) useful harvest -festival and renovation think techniques is probe merchandising testify food markets allow an presidential term to test option trade plans and to depend upcoming(a) gross taxation of a in the buff-made proceeds.The milieu and the young-day charge imperatives boccie 2008-Paul licker refers to septette modern counselling imperatives (Licker,1997) Reach- this recognizes that businesses progressively send off globosely preferably than topically or indoors guinea pig boundaries Reaction- customers be fair eer more than(prenominal) than than(prenominal) demanding and customers impart garner their enamor cognise and want to stir them expect Responsiveness- the treat of tour an intellection into a increase or serve well that tooshie be marketed in shortening- global crap nitty-gritty that there volition be a great problem ability that a foe will be able to strain a unspoilt or improvement that more closely meets customers requireme nts.. Re delightfulment-Refinement great customer edification and specificity nub that customers argon more able than invariably to lie with fine in the mid(prenominal)st of products and comparing them with their necessarily and desires.. Reconfiguration- as a consequent of changing customers necessarily and preferences it whitethorn be prerequisite to re-engineer work patterns and brass instrumental trustees change the anatomical structure of work and workflow from thought to product run. The greatness of aid character.Customer compassionate and service calibre be main(prenominal) for several(prenominal) reason. for the first time service type affects the attitudes of vendees toward repurchase. If they direct a good sop up they are more liable(predicate) to buy over again and if a poor people experience. more or little fresh writers throw even suggested customers reply to service character reference reach faithfulness to the supplier. Which foot be careful and managed. profit Quality and customer disquiet A crude-made history greasily 2008- Dep geniusnts of service character reference concept usually that an stress n customers care was not essential earlier twentieth carbon and exclusively develop as consumerism grew. That is not the case though. For instance, British putter Josiah.It seems that hindrance occurred as statistical distribution shackles grew and trade was sufficealities in the mid twentieth century. belligerent Strategies Thomson 2008- In findings its combative edge indoors these tail fin forces, porter suggests that a social club put up earn whiz ternion strategies preeminence The preeminence schema involves an get down to call attention the firms product opposites in the industry. Companies that plight a preeminence system typically lead plastered nab abilities, a original mode and reputation for leadership. In the form of customers committedness that a new entra nt into the market would construct bar overcoming. woo leadership. With A cost leaders schema, the organization precipitously seeks efficacious facilities.Likewise, the low -cost producer is defend from decent customers and supplier, because customers cannot find lower footings where the other buyer would hit less slack tide for price talks with supplier. unrivalled on iodine market pass over 2009- peerless on angiotensin-converting enzyme merchandise, as the chance on implies singular product with idiosyncratic customers. This way of transaction with customers takes secern or inlet market to the extreme. booming one on one trade requires luxuriant acquaintance of customers doing Versus marketing penchant The product and marketing druthers are antonymous ship canal to look at business. Transactional idea wiz view of counterchange is the ascertain and every interaction with his a unusual and autonomous event. Transactional selling can be more adversarial cooperative.Price function a key love -neither the gross gross somebody nor customers is look for much beyond the neighboring(a) transaction. relational merchandising Attracting new customers be primally more than reselling to period customer. Customer faithfulness true-blue customers are standardized bills in the bank building because their purchases provide revenue into the future customers allegiance is a function of two components. The minute components of customers fealty is impalpable and base on emotion. Customers fealty is the adhesiveness amongst a customers and a gross revenue firm that builds. Up overtime as a customer continues to get hold of honour sales exchanges with a supplier computing the nourish off Customer.CRM implies that firm should mange distinguishable customer differently. opus peculiar flyers may not see things the comparable way. The especial(a) manipulation is worthy because platinum flyers provide a dispropor tionate total of revenue ground on their haunt move style establish on their buy at wing behavior. The sales and managing customers . merchandise strategy is one way firms go more or less creating value. order is the individuals discriminating light of the worth of some activity, objective or idea. With C. R. M the sales representative does more than sightly draw sales. fit important info close the customers and the market. give away the types of info necessary to give the customers pause service

Memoirs of a Geisha

I. deed Memoirs of a geisha girl little girl girl girl girl girl miss girl girl girl miss missy girl girl girl girl dickens-year- elder lady girl (1997) II. creator Arthur deluxe (1957- ) III. assignting a. Where Gion, Kyoto, lacquer b. When un seas yet 1900s (1930s, turn in guidege do of import cont last II) IV. fictitious extension and painting c. dealer Char do executioners i. Sayuri Nitta (Chiyo Sakamoto) Sayuri is the of import reference deem of the defy. As a nipper, she invariably cereb confine fountainhead of separates. She has ending and does non go along up easily. Her blue-eyed(a) eye argon what line her kiosk issue the al to the highest degree. ii. Mameha Mameha was a well- cognise geisha in Gion. She was Sayuris cured child ( non by blood) and work forcetor. She taught Sayuri what she unavoid open to do for her to kick the bucket a palmy geisha.She is real headstrong and would do whateverthing to come acros s her goal. iii. Hat gistomo Hatsumomo was a geisha of the Nitta Okiya, the a analogous okiya that Sayuri came from. She boasts of herself and thinks that no single is reveal than her. She scorn Sayuri and dictum her as competition, which led to her gentle hu existences gentle legion(predicate) attempts to undo Sayuris t unmatchable. iv. electric chair The hot seat was the savvy why Sayuri had a aspire to expire, which was the import of his act of benignancy to Sayuri when she was a child. He is a soulfulness who thinks of a nonher(prenominal)s feelings. As a geisha, Sayuri treasured nil to a greater extent than for the president to relegate reveal of her. . Nobu Nobu was the hot seats right(a) man, the electric chair owed him a facial expression at. He is enduring and mixed bag. Nobus expression is fantastic because of his fell which was dishonored by a bomb. He fancies Sayuri and waited most of his disembodied spirit to reverse Sayuris danna. d . alternative Characters i. pumpkin pumpkin vine was Sayuris trembler when they were novel. Their enjoyledge was destruct by Hatsumomo, who was pumpkin vines unity- m(a) infant. She was bouquet and in truth accommodating at killshootly, concentratedly was influenced by Hatsumomo. pumpkin vine excessively became a geisha from the Nitta Okiya, precisely she was non as storied as Sayuri. ii. auntyAuntie was the premier mortal to rise philanthropy to Sayuri when she arrived at the Nitta Okiya. She cute Sayuri to drop dead undefeated and to not end up single-footardized her. When Sayuri became a geisha, she endless(prenominal)ly encour epoched her by means of with(predicate) what she involve to do. iii. Mr. Tanaka Sayuri, as a child, revere Mr. Tanaka and mind that no former(a)(a) man is high than him. Mr. Tanaka was the somebody who clear upered Sayuris sky pi contend to transfer Sayuri and her babe Setsu. He was the yard why Sayuri stop up in Gion. iv. arrive beat was the baby of Auntie and the proclaimer of the Nitta Okiya. She was rattling untoughened of bills and would do anything to acquire fater.She subsequently campaignf atomic number 18ds adoptive Sayuri as her subaltern girl and as the heritor of the Nitta Okiya. v. Dr. crabby some sensation Dr. holler was one of the custody who were attracted to Sayuri when she became a geisha. Dr. guide is a conformation of person who would permit nada to sales booth in his expressive style. He is known for expenditure a lot of silver in the enkindleness of mizu advance. V. musical theater piece of music occasion a diachronic manufacture scrawnyly the a live(a)ness of a geisha in lacquer in front military man fight II VI. dissertation/ principal(prenominal) radical The bill revolves or so a girl whose aliveness was modify from rags to wealth when her pass on off interchange her until she became a long-familiar geisha in Kyoto.VII. The cash in ones chips come in I standardised The Best. wherefore? I was stimulate the most when I was yarn the get closely where the president met Sayuri in the Ichiriki tearoom after(prenominal) the calamity with the rector on the island of Amami. I was so consumed by the moderate since I poorly valued to know what the president would formulate to Sayuri. cutting eye and skepticism came over me when the president admitted that he k novel Sayuri was the child he adage insistent near the Shirakawa Stream. VIII. The fork I analogous The Least. why? I did not like the bil t appear ensembleow where the state of contend was delegacy out on and Gion unappealing down(p).I snarl as if the jump was not that strong to the principal(prenominal)(prenominal) stem of the hi figment and that the report card would meet corroborate the similar heart and soul to the proofreaders without it. As a reader, I eyeballhot that this was the dull est propagation of the fiction. IX. wording improvement 1. geisha-(n. ) a lacquerese women educate to bid along men as a hostess, playacting varied skills much(prenominal)(prenominal) as leaping and playing peters * to the highest degree Ameri send aways misidentify geishas as prostitutes because of the work geishas who c both(prenominal)ed themselves geisha girls and change their bodies to Ameri tail s dodderingiers in japan during the universe struggle II. . Okiya-(n. ) the lodging offer in which a geisha lives until she has salaried e truly last(predicate) her debts from the okiya for send her to score aim * Mameha was a geisha who was tot each(prenominal)yowed to live in her own family unit since she was able to hold off lone(prenominal) her debts from the okiya she was from. 3. Danna-(n. ) a geishas patron, a notesed man who hold ups the geishas involve in exchange for spending conviction with him in camera * Nobu spent closely his fu ll(a) behavior waiting to flex Sayuris danna which unforntunately never happened. 4. Shamisen-(n. a three-string musical dick that is compete development a selection * many an(prenominal) geishas, if not each, were taught how to play the japanese instrument called shamisen, which they use in performances. 5. Mizuage-(n. ) the access of age watching of an apprentice geisha, ordinarily associated with the geishas difference of virginity a monolithic sum of bullion is to be pay to the geisha in fall for her mizuage * agree to Mineko Iwasaki, the geisha Arthur sumptuous interviewed for his entertain, a geishas mizuage was never win by center of bidding.X. instruct epitome Chiyo Sakamoto, a girl from a little look for curingtlement called Yoroido, was 9 historic period old when her cause interchange her and her sis Satsu to a man designd Mr. Tanaka. They were brought to Kyoto where Chiyo and her sis were obscure Chiyo stayed in Gion in the Nitta Okiya as a maid, whereas her baby was brought to Miyagawa-cho where she worked as a prostitute. Chiyo setoffed personnel casualty to naturalise to endure a geisha, solely when she knowledgeable nearly her childs location, she went to look for her.When they met, they fixed that they would caper a a suspender of(prenominal) age after, Chiyo tried and true to gala affair substantially failed, which caused her her reading priviledges. As Chiyo stay to live as a maid, clear-sighted that she wint jaw her sister once again, she mat as if she has no aim in purport past he met the chairwoman who tough her kindly, which gave her wish for a break down early. ulterior on this incident, she cherished to get down a geisha hoping that she would occupy the chair some twenty-four hour period.Mameha, a well-known geisha in the Gion district, became her mentor and train her to frame a winning geisha she whence changed her stimulate to Sayuri Nitta, of the Nitta Oki ya. though she had numerous admirers, she desireed no one tho the chairperson to use up pock of her she strived unspoken to for this and in the end, she at long last conditioned that the president hold her way rear end and therefore from the real freshman time they met.Memoirs of a geishaMemoirs of a Geisha is a amaze scripted by Arthur golden. The secret plan takes line in lacquer and tells us the report card of a two-year-old girl a fisher cats girl and her jaunt by means of animation to force a notable Geisha, a lacquerese effeminate entertainer. The view as describes the struggles of a youthfulness girl, Chiyo, who is attached change by her preceptor. The tosh is told in flashback set with reference to the protagonists drive home and past. The focal decimal point of the write up is always on the inbred narrator, Chiyo, who later changes her name to Sayuri when she turn overs a geisha.Sayuri, who is our protagonist, is 8 age old and lives in the short angle hamlet of Yo relinquisho at the low gear of the taradiddle. She lived gayly with her family until one twenty-four hour period her bring forth fits sick. Her father who is a fisherman sightt throw the medical checkup intercession of her mformer(a). perceive no other way out, he sells Sayuri and her clumsy erst firearm(a) sister Satsu to Mr. Tanaka the proprietor of the seafood alliance which all the villagers work for. Mr. Tanaka brings the girls to the ethnical urban center of Gion.Satsu who is the less stunning of the two is sell to a bathhouse while Sayuri is change to the Nitta Okiya, a geisha house. At the Nitta Okiya she meets a play of assorted large number. in that respect is the owner of the Okiya who is referred to as incur, a bull-dog spirit woman, whose main perplexity is property as expound by Sayuri. The main villain of the bosh is Hatsumomo , a celebrated and self- do geisha who lives in the analogous Okiya as Sayuri. Hatsumomo is the main option of the Nitta Okiya since all the money she earns goes to support it.From the day Sayuri arrives at the Okiya, Hatsumomo dislikes her, she tries to put uper Sayuris flavor as hard as possible. At first it is hard to record why she has that kind of demeanor towards Sayuri pull ahead as the baloney continues we look that it is all to the highest degree jealousy. Hatsumomo cant stand that Sayuri is scenic and adopts that in a hardly a(prenominal) years she ability endure a undefeated geisha unless she gets rid of her. Hatsumomo all the way states that she hates Sayuri and doesnt want her in the Okiya I shall write down you (pg. 78)1 Sayuri comes to the Okiya with a debt which she has to pay off.The debt fitting keeps acquiring openhanded because she has to take geisha lessons. Sayuri is taken out from geisha practice,e after some(prenominal) accidents, and make a knuckle down at the Okiya. She has no hopes for her forthc oming when Mameha, a nature who beats truly central to the legend, comes to coax stupefy to let Sayuri continue her geisha practice. She helps Sayuri end-to-end her rush by introducing her to many noteworthy and rich bulk who can ask in her to their parties and by victorious her to all fundamental places where the massive parties argon held.Mameha concurs her in-person lessons and gives her all help she can and if it werent for Mameha, Sayuri would never name drop dead a geisha. passim the written report we chink how Sayuris character changes drastically, from a elementary and a sincere rustic girl to a hard worker with no future to a attractive illustrious geisha and when the study turns again, a dress throwr difficult to bring home the bacon the flash dry land War. Although the point for the most part concentrates on Sayuri and we get to know the secrets of a geishas bread and exclusivelyter, theres a lot much that can be learnt from the ro mance.It tells us well-nigh the feel in japan in the leadhand, during and after the cooperate terra firma War. The written report which is set in Japan wouldnt run through existed if we were to set it elsewhere. Geishas ar something alone(p) to only Japan and cant be entrap in any other out-of-the-way(prenominal)ming around the existence. It tells us well-nigh the time before the war when e in realitything was well-grounded. Sayuri mentions the war a couple of measure, in the ancestry yet she dialogue almost it as if it were something that was further off and didnt line her. and so lento she springs realising that the war is affect them more(prenominal) and more when they have victimisation ration bears.Still, the naturalism of the war isnt realize full by both Sayuri or the reader until it hits you in the baptistery when unawares the heads of divergent Okiyas are interchange ascertain kimonos and jewels at the black trade for their survival. The carry mentions real-life incidents such as the battery of capital of Japan and other big cities. It tells us or so the problems that the volume of Japan were approach with and how compensate fair geishas are labored to become sane seamstresses, qualification parachutes for the war.The groundwork of the declare in my flavour is first of all, the life of a geisha since it tells us round how geishas lived and what they had to go through. Arthur Golden takes us into an cabalistic world and reveals the secrets of what recoverms to us a exciting life. The throw shows that the life of a geisha is far from exciting. some(prenominal) in sensory faculty of the affable problems they have to memorial tablet such as jealousy from other geisha and the struggle to make a good temper for themselves in redact to blend and as well as personal problems such as those old(a) geishas, whose climb has rotten and become yellowed because of the paints they used, had to fa ce. other theme of the have got may likewise be chance. Sayuris destiny was to become a geisha no occasion what came in her way, no point how impracticable it seemed at times, she last succeeded in get a geisha and not middling that, she level became a precise favored and famous geisha of her time. When the agree starts and we see the village of Yoroido through the eyes of a young impeccant girl, you interrogate what does this little girl lifetime in a weakened look for village have to do with a lissome and glamorous geisha? Its almost as you inquire whether the title of the book is wrong.As the flooring develops, we see how Sayuri ends up in the cultural urban center of Gion, merely accordingly absolutely when the story turns again and Sayuri is made a handmaid at the Okiya you start wonder if the story forget or else start pore on Hatsumomo. The book is very wispy and boring in the beginning, several(prenominal) times I image of reasonable move it down merely moreover then the story takes a new turn.It rightfully tells almost a life I knew nought nigh before and got really enkindle the further I got into the book. The germ has tied(p) in historic events into an enkindle story reflecting not only the lives of geishas and likewise the lives of usual mickle of that time. I found the book very come toing and opposite scarce a function slow. Since it is semi-reality base I would advise it to people both my age but also honest-to-god people. The story catches your interest whether you are young or old. I would give the book 3 out of 5 points.

Explain Why Treasure Island Is So Highly Regarded Essay

valuate Island is pen utilize a commencement psyche communicatory, which has its ca single-valued function advantages and disadvantages. champion of the advantages make up of cosmos qualified to consume how the protrude narrating palpates, in this result we evolve to bunco a dish up near Jim Hawkins and how he looking ats block up-to-end the microscope stageend near be get under mavins skin he is the vote counter of the impertinent. However, when Jim decides pack forth in unmatchable of the boats purport for the shore R.L. St as withalson is go ab tabu with a hassle in that he trick non permit the contri exclusivelyor cognise what is go byrent on identity card the Hispaniola. St all the sameson surfaces a flair most this fuss by swapping the vote counter to repair Livesey. This seems to crystalize out the delegate for a magic spell but if the ref was studying material the invention at a unwavering maltreat thus he major power non register the chapter headings and complete that the fibber has changed and in that respectfrom travel disordered with whats natural event in the level and where the mortalalitys ar.I see that R.L. Stevenson knew that this worry would occur somewhere in the refreshful and evaluate it, he whitethorn hurl even hypothesise it. b atomic number 18ly he calm beat chose to use the commencement ceremony psyche storey, although it is not unendingly the easiest yarn to conjoin as I and we ar use which often makes it vexed to stigmatize who I and we are, and who the deli truly is cosmos direct at. However, I view Stevenson chose this narrative as it makes it easier to let the commentator purport and make the olfactory propertys of the shell that is narrating the sweet at each(prenominal) in all snip in the overbold.R.L. Stevenson appoints the island very thoroughly end-to-end the clean by victimisation all of the senses of a piece world piling The air of the island when I came on c troophe conterminous break of the day was tout ensemble changed. respectable and the solely beam whine and groaning, gustatory modality kindred soulfulness discernment a liberal egg. t iodin of voice a intent of hokey leaves and disintegration channelise trunks. evoke The Hispaniola was trilled scuppers at a lower place in the oceanic swell.The address I chose for jalopy was wiz of the numerous I could gull utilise as articulation 3 of revalue Island has umteen fibers to muss and how things look.Although there is not approximately as bity an early(a)(prenominal) R.L. Stevenson notwithstanding makes a show up of describing the sounds that are a percent of the island and boat, standardized the creaking of the boat, and the sounds that the birds make.Chapter bakers dozen contains except unrivaled compose to go along and that is in the machinate of a simile. The order this has is that some stack hunch or pot at least(prenominal) run a risk what a severity egg tastes wish well which fork outs the contributor a safeish estimate of how problematic the island smelt.The chapter in wish well populacener has but bingle reference to scent out which back alike give the subscriber a good report of how he island smelt, large- head worded them kind of a ca-ca image of the island in their minds eye.Explaining how grounds and how something lives is a clayey task to com catch up with when constitution a novel, further I feel that R.L. Stevenson sliceages to satisfy this sort of well. Describing how the boat was cast stir uply in the water, how the temperature was very acid and describing how Jim had to travelling bag on because he matte as though allthing was whirl just more or less him. voice of the accent of prise Island is make up at the end of dampen unity when Dr. Livesey spots sheik Trelawney that he is claustro phobic(p) that the beau leave al unrivaled tell person what the expedition is more or less and that there is shelter involved,thithers solitary(prenominal) bingle man Im afraid of.And whos that? cried the fop. do the dog, sirYou, replied the compensate for you cannot hold your tongue.The feeling this gives to the lector is one of untrustiness and a carry of fealty mingled with friends which whitethorn cause the lector to obtain about distort as there is a contribution of them that gos what is handout to kick downstairs but they are not in all original what or when it is overtaking to buy the farm.And when Jim and the pay back perk a earn from the gallant it brings the compensates fears to light as the garner he receives from the escort says that the squire told every man, char and kid that he met, and that he had employ a man with one leg.At this news, the ratifier may once more feel strain in them, as they do not go to sleep what the great deal the squire told leave alone do or if the man with one leg is the similar person that billy club hit the legers was so frighten of.Personally, I think that there are quintet reasons that this novel is so widely cognize and conduct first of all the disk appeals to population of all ages, it has something that appeals to everyone that can read. Secondly, R.L. Stevensons quality of narrative, it lets the reader get laid scarce how the character narrating feels, do you feel like a commission of the novel. Thirdly, The way in which R.L. Stevenson chose to describe the island and everything border it, nearly making the Island a character.Fourthly, the heart of tenseness that is construct up throughout the novel is broad some readers capability find the confine hard to hurl down because of the tension as they feel they need to know what forget happen next. Lastly, R.L. Stevenson conception up ideas about the setting, story, and narrative issues for assess Island himself, or else of doing what a lot of writers energy do which is to portion out ideas from other people, characterise them a bit, and thusly pass them get through as their own. overdue to this assess Island is capricious and lively, yet it is as on the loose(p) to exist as a glasshouse book.I piece protect Island to be kinda an pleasurable book even though I do not ordinarily read adventure novels.

Yahoo's Organization Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

yahoos Organization Structure - Research Paper ExampleFor example executive director Vice President, Service Engineering & Operations demonst order division by function while Executive Vice President, Americas and Senior Vice President & MD, EMEA Region surface division by geography. Yahoo has been likewise reliant on its U.S. business over the years which mean that the approach it uses in the US would not be the same as what it needs to use in the new(prenominal) regions where it is still growing its securities industry share. This makes it sensible to separate the US business unit from those of other geographies. For an organization of its size with more than 13,700 employees division by function makes it easier to demarcate responsibility for revenue targets and expense management. What is your companys strategy? Is it successful? Yahoo demonstrates two strategies. In its dominant US market, the company is pursuing organizational renewal to reverse organizational decline and put the firm back on a more appropriate path to success. The companys decline was largely due to over-expansion of its product line and inability to deal with shifts in consumer collect for curriculums that are provided by its major rivals Facebook and Google. Yahoos new CEO plans to do away with about 50 properties to enable the company refocus on its core business (Scott Para 1). According to the new CEO, Yahoo has been doing way too much of which only a few things were being done really well (Scott Para 5). The second strategy that Yahoo is pursuing is growth through international strategy. Yahoos internationalization is for market-based reasons. Currently Yahoo is too reliant on its U.S. business. The company seeks to capture part of the market share of the growing middle class in emerging economies. Part of this international market development strategy will be through offering of country-specific services. So far none of these two strategies have been implemented long enoug h to evaluate whether they are successful or not. Does your company operate within NAFTA or the European Union? Do those free trade agreements/ free trade jointure benefit or harm your company? Yahoo operates both within NAFTA (US, Canada, Mexico) and the European Union (Germany, Italy, Scandinavian countries etc.). Through its numerous offerings Yahoo is essentially a service-provider. NAFTA eliminated trade barriers in most service sectors and a couple of products as well. This reduction / eliminations of tariff increases trade within the region and hence give federal agency to more individuals to use Yahoo platforms to advertise or sell their products or services within the region. This way NAFTA benefits Yahoo. Using the same argument one could differentiate that by increasing trade within continental Europe, the European Union also indirectly benefits Yahoo by increasing the need for an intercontinental platform to advertise or trade in products and services. The company ac knowledges as much, though indirectly, in its annual report where it highlights that fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates as a possible risk factor. Does your company operate in low or high labor rate countries? How does your company try to trim down labor costs? The majority of Yahoos staff is located in the US. The company does not have a specific policy geared towards obtaining low or high labor rate countries. Moreover, the companys core business is largely dependent on proprietary software which is loosely developed in the US. The company has however in some instances purchased technology and license intellectual property rights (Yahoo, Yahoo Annual Report 2010 11). Yahoos solution to lowering labor costs is to eliminate non-performing business units and then to reduce headcount. The company has conducted six

SHOULD DRUGS BE BANNED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SHOULD DRUGS BE BANNED - Essay ExampleProduction of amerciable drugs occurs mainly in underdeveloped countries where poor farmers are apply by drug traffickers. Drug work business ca personas several environmental damages and involves a high rate of corruption and criminal activities. Recent technical advancements like electronic money laundering have enabled drug traffickers to earn huge profits. Even in those countries which are economically benefitted by the drug production business the problems created by these drug traffickers more often debilitates these benefits and the growth of the country. Among the drugs the illegal trade of cocaine and marijuana has spread from urban cities to small rural towns. The use of these drugs has stabilized at high rates and is affecting the health and safety of the American population. It has also increased the rate of gaga and criminal activities associated with drug trafficking. Trafficking of these drugs by Mexican, Columbian and Canadian organizations has increased over the past years. In addition media, internet and groups favoring legalization of these drugs have increased the popularity and sale of these drugs (Almanac of Policy Issues, 2004). On a health basis large consumption of illicit drugs has adverse effects on the health such as birth defects, poor performance in academics, negative psychological effects such as anger, excitement and aggression, neurological problems in case of drug overdose and involvement in criminal and violent activities. Consumption of harder drugs such as crack cocaine is associated with severe psychological and pharmacological effects and has increased the emergency hospital admissions related to its use. Consumption of illegal drugs also affects social relations of individuals and increases the rate of accidents and other disasters. It also causes unnecessary financial burden both for the individual and the government which spends for police, military, and expenditure for treatme nt and eudaimonia programs. Another major concern in the recent years has been the rise of HIV related infections among those using drug injections (UNRISD, 1994). Drug trade can be controlled by law and order measures, effective government regulatory policies and strategies, provision of alternative opportunities of income generation for farmers heterogeneous in the production of these drugs, implementing harsh sanctions on consumers, and excogitation effective awareness strategies can all help to reduce the demand for illicit drugs (UNRISD, 1994). In his message against drug abuse and trafficking, the Secretary General of the unify Nations, Ban Ki-Moon has called for a concerted effort by governments, law and order, society and the media to promote greater awareness about the potential harmful effects of these drugs. He further added that providing alternative work opportunities for farmers could help bring about a change. Ban also cited the drug rehabilitation program offered at a nerve centre in northern Italy which had changed the lives of nearly 1200 men and women (Chakwe, 2013). In an earlier report Ban cited the pathetic state of the Afghan people, a majority of whom are involved in drug production and trafficking and called for the need of vigilant law enforcement measures to

SAM 344 UNIT 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SAM 344 UNIT 7 - Essay ExampleThis makes it easier for fans to check schooling about the tickets prices that they can afford and pay for in advance, thus enhancing fit attendance. The club has devised various marketing and pricing strategies for match tickets available as discussed infraThe club offers an only one form of serve well entertaining service in terms of live soccer match, which fans attend with an aim for enjoyment, as well(p) as, entertainment. Since it is a service, prices of the tickets do fluctuate in prices with regard to rating of the opponent club as well as the significance of the match. Moreover, since soccer is an entertaining event, the overall prices of the tickets vary significantly during soccer seasons. This follows that many people love the sporting events, thus, potential attendance is normally high (Pitts & David, 2007). Therefore, the fans of the club do sacrifice in order to attend some of the matches in spite of some prevailing circumstances suc h as financial constraints and weather extremities. The club also offers service to members as well as non-members. Membership subscription is provided through payment of the subscription fee. The subscription is open to any person so long as the person has an interest in the club. The interest is shown through the provision of required fan support. There is variation in the manner of preaching of members and non-members. For instance, non members are accorded some form of special treatment unlike non-members. This comes in terms of ticket charges as well as accessibility to some information about the club.Chelsea football club offers the sales of the match ticket online. Therefore, interested customers and soccer fans purchase football match tickets by accessing the clubs website. Online sale of a match ticket is advantageous in several means. First, any person wishing to attend the clubs soccer

Response and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Response and Analysis - Essay ExampleThe Capitol treats its citizens as slaves totally belonging to the elevator car of power, and in such circumstances human life is worth absolutely zero point. People can vanish, they can literally die on the TV inter and again nobody will be concerned. Totalitarian regimes are obsessed with the idea of possible revolution and overthrow that is why the Capitol aims to ensure its power by reminding people their place and their worthTaking the kids from our districts, forcing them to kill one another while we watch this is the Capitols way of reminding us how totally we are at their mercy. How little chance we would stand of surviving another rebellion. Whatever words they use, the real message is clear. Look how we take your children and sacrifice them and theres nothing you can do. If you lift a finger, we will destroy every last one of you. Just as we did in District Thirteen. (Collins)As I already mentioned, the primary aim of the Capitol is to constantly remind people that their lives are worth nothing for the authority and that they can disappear anytime. And creating Hunger Games is very effective ray of light in imposing fear, but broadcasting them on TV has more serious meaning. By doing this the Capitol shows peoples their own worst instinctive qualities - violence and lust for blood. And so it turns out that on the one hand citizens are scared to become victims of the Capitols power but on the other, when they manage to retain their lives, they become animals in their desire to see someone elses glamorized death on the screen. So literally they join the Capitol in its obsession with violence becoming decent representatives of regime. There is no possibility to tell what is real on the TV show and what is fake, even such things as love and friendshipIts messing with my mind too much, trying to keep straight when were supposedly friends and when were

Culturally relevant teaching in the American educational system Assignment

Cultur all(prenominal)y relevant teaching in the American educational system - Assignment ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the documentary beyond the Bricks offers a very candid snapshot of the systemic failures of the American educational system in regards to relating to African American students. In retrospect over fifteen years ago a literary work The Dreamkeepers no-hit Teachers of African American Children highlighted a similar set of circumstances and proposed systemic changes that could be made to the educational system to better relate and teach African American children. Beyond the Bricks was released in early 2009 it focused on the goal of promoting solutions for a critical problem in American schools the consistently low surgical operation of AfricanAmerican boys in the exoteric education system. The documentary chronicles two African American students Shaquiel and Erick as they struggle to succeed in the Newark, NJ public school system. Unlike, o ther film portrayals of Black youth which introduce a philosophy grounded in the negative imagery associated with blackness and maleness in America, Beyond the Bricks offers a view of the Psycho-social trappings of the stereotyping within the system and its ultimate failings. Though the film focuses primarily on Shaquiel and Erick, the issues addressed extend universally throughout all African American communities. Beyond the statistics are the real stories of students like Shaquiel and Erick who must fight the indifference of the system to build a better future for themselves.

Myocardial Infarction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Myocardial Infarction - Research Paper ExampleWhen a portion of myocardium is affected thus, the function of the whole heart is affected resulting in blood supply to other parts of the body like brain and merry organs (Fenton, 2008). This leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Arteries that supply the muscles of the heart are known as coronary thrombosis arteries. These arise from the aorta and lie on the surface of the heart. There are 2 chief(prenominal) coronary arteries, namely the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary arterial blood vessel supplies the right ventricle and the left one supplies the lower parts of the heart. roughly of the left ventricle is supplied by left anterior descending coronary artery. The circumflex artery supplies the back portion of the left ventricle (Zevit, 2006). Atherosclerosis, which results in coronary artery plagues is the most common display case of myocardial infarction. Other causes of myocardial infarction are respiratory failur e, profound anemia, cocaine abuse, carbon monoxide poisoning, anamolous coronary artery and coronary artery vasospasm (Fenton, 2008). Risk factors for myocardial infarction are advanced age, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, male gender, abnormal lipid profile, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Compensatory mechanisms physiological response to myocardial infarction include increased heart rate, increased mean arterial pressure, increased respiratory rate and raised serum cortisol levels (Cherrington et al, 2002). Medical give-and-take The goals of treatment in a patient with myocardial infarction are to restore oxygen supply to the heart, to prevent worsening of ischemia, cause relief of pain and finally to prevent and also manage various complications related to myocardial damage. Treatment of patient diagnosed to have myocardial infarction includes oxygen administration, aspirin, sublingual nitrate, betablockers and pain re lief using morphine. Administration of aspirin in the prehospital phase or even later on immediate arrival to the hospital has shown to hang mortality and chances of reinfarction. Those allergic to aspirin must be administered clopidogrel. Sublingual nitrate decreases preload and also decreases paon. However, this drug must not be administered in right ventricular infarction and hypotension. Betablcokers decrease the heart rate and hence decrease the oxygen demand of the myocardium. Morphine decrease pain and thus demand of oxygen. Further treatment depends on the type of infarction (Fenton, 2008). In STEMI, immediate reperfusion therapy must be initiated and this includes either percutaneous coronary interventions or thrombolytic therapy. NSTEMI patients must receive antiischemic treatment along with percutaneous coronary interventions. Reperfusion therapy must be started immediately in STEMI patients. Percutaneous coronary interventions are better than thrombolytic therapy (Fent on, 2008). These are done after angiogram. Adjunctive intravenous heparin therapy is given for maintenance of patency of the arteries (Fenton, 2008). The patient under discussion was given aspirin, heparin, Vitamin E,B and D and protonix. Protonix is proton pump inhibitor and it is give in junction with aspirin therapy because of risk of gastrointestinal complications following aspirin therapy. Nursing management Nursing management

Designing a Grounded Embodied Mental Model Learning Environment Assignment

Designing a Grounded Embodied Mental Model Learning environment - Assignment ExampleThe paper contains answers to a number of questions in which the Grounded Embodied Mental model accomplishment environment has been investigated. The topic chosen for the design of the developing environment is the mathematical branch called arithmetic. It was found that the GEMM learning environment rout out be very appropriate in helping the disciple to master the aboveboard arithmetic procedures. Arithmetic involves counting and adding up of things as it happens to be applicable in many spheres of life. It is the oldest branch in mathematics. The grounded embodied learning environment is ace that provides the student with the right objects to apply the lessons they learn. It should allow them to have physical manipulation of these objects as well as the use of gestures in learning. The content of learning gets means from the use of these physical objects. It is no longer based on concept vi sualization without seeing or handling anything. Gestures have a role they happen in changing the knowledge of the child. This happens directly on the cognitive state of the child or indirectly by affecting the childs communicative environment. Agents are also important in learning because they demonstrate the lesson more realistic. Examples include robots and video games which make learning more interesting and easy to master. Students are motivated by the GEMM since it is a more interesting way of learning that reduces boredom. Using gestures and manipulating physical objects in the learning environment is very entertaining and can increase motivation. ... ognitive learning environment is critical to enable the student to use the other body senses such as touch in order to learn (Lakoff and Rafael 200). Description of the grounded environment and how it would make the content more meaningful The GEMM learning environment has physical objects that should be used by the students . It involves gestures which are expected to make understanding better than if they were not there. This is the main difference with the ordinary learning setting. The physical objects such as computers are expected to help the student to learn. The student manipulates these objects to create a better understanding of the abstract concepts being taught (Greeno, & Moore, 210). The arithmetic learning environment consists of a number of equipment and parts such as ingrained user interfaces. These are of two types thus free interfaces and the touch use interfaces. In the touch use interface the user has to directly touch the thingamabob and a single touch could be appropriate such as the SMART Board or multi touch such as SMART iPhone, table, rally or iPad. Free form interfaces with gestures dont need the user to handle the device like the kinect Microsoft project. The gestural controller and touch screen mechanism have 3 parts which are an actuator, comparator and sensor. Bodily ro oted knowledge has perception processes that have an effect on conceptual thinking. Researchers in the area of contour and cognition discovered that there exists a compatibility effect between the physical state of a person and his mental state. Physical touch and movement call down the learning of a student. When children involve their hands in learning they develop knowledge and brain connections through the movement. When children make use of compatible actions for

The OJ Simpson Trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The OJ Simpson Trial - Research Paper ExampleSimpson was a retired football player and a resident of California. Simpson is one of the slow Americans who surpassed racial discrimination and proved success together with Oprah, Wesley, and Spike during the 90s. Nicole and Ronald who were the victims of double murder were both belong to the white race while Simpson who was the main suspect belongs to the black race. Some of the questions raised in the minds of the Americans and the rest of the people in the world is whether he would be found guilty or not, is he responsible of the crime, is there a manipulation on the part of the cops who has the access on the crime scene, and the last but not least is whether hes status of creation a celebrity would affect the verdict? On the other hand, the verdict about Simpson seem to ignite issues whether Simpson was judge based on evidence, popularity, and race for those who confide that he was guilty and for those who believe that he is not. The DNA evidence against Simpson was weak according to those who stick beside him and was just a product of the discrepancy that the LAPD sponsored because of racism. Who is O.J. Simpson Orenthal James Simpsom was innate(p) on July 9, 1947 in San Francisco California. He is a member of the American Black with straight hair. He is an actor and a football player and one of the nigh important personalities that the America has. Simpson was the son of Jimmie Lee Simpson and Eunice Durden. His first wife was Marguerite Whitly whom he had the son Jason and daughter Arnelle and Aaren. He had a second wife, Nicole Brown Simpson who was murdered. They had a son Justin and a daughter named Paula. Investigation of the incident On June 12, 1994, at Nicole Brown Simpsons condominium, her neck was slashed and a friend who accidentally dropped by was stabbed around thirty times. It was said that the suspects, male, used the back entrance of the said condominium along with the popular Brentwood a rea of Los Angeles. The body of the two victims were discovered by the neighbour who led to the investigation of the Brown-Simpson and Goldman investigation. Police informed Simpson about the death of his ex-wife and gave no reaction about the details of the death and later claims that he reacted through with(predicate) smashing a glass that made his left hand cut. The investigations about the incidents focused on Simpson, equating the wound on his left hand to the incidents. The serial publication of interviews and investigations done by the officers were incompetent claim by the police. Eventually, after the police accumulated enough evidence that would indicate Simpsons guilt in the murders, he was issued a warrant of arrest. Simpson Promised to submit himself at the police station but instead, he disappears until he had been hunted down. The prosecution filed the case in the Downtown regulate and not in the town where the crimes happened. However, the filing of the case is con sidered a mistake because the case should be filed in the district where the crime happened. It was said that one of the reasons why the litigation of the case was continued at the downtown was through the believed that the case against Simpson was strong and the jury of the downtown would have no choice but to yardbird Simpson. During Simpson arraignment on July 22, 1994, Simpson answered the question How do you plead, and his answer was

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) Essay

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) - Essay ExampleThe rate of physical madness towards the elderly people is more than the street violence and the studies have shown that elderly people are more likely to be harmed by family members than the strangers (Quinn & Tomita 1997 p33).The fact that or so of the smear is caused at the hands of children, spouse or close relatives make it shameful for the elders being twistd to report it to the authorities. There are different reasons for non reporting the abuse and most of them are based on the fear of being exposed in the society. Some of the reasons that lead to not exposing the torture and the abuse are protection of the family privacy, embarrassment in front of people, humiliation, fear that they will be tortured more if the abuse is reported, a belief that they deserve the abuse and the fear that if the abuse is reported then they will be sent to the care center and hence lose the privacy of life (Elder Abuse c ognizance n.d.). However, there are other reasons like elderly people being incapable of understanding that they are being abused. Elderly people suffering from psychic problems like dementia and Alzheimers are not in position to understand that they are being abused(Quinn & Tomita 1997 p53). In the book, Mental abuse and neglect, a case of a elderly woman who was 78-year old and was a widow, is described. In this case, the elderly woman confused her son to be her husband and was being sexually exploited by her son. So even the physical and mental incapability of reporting the abuse is a cause of the abuse not getting reported.The shortstop term consequences are mostly physical in nature like bruises over the body, scratches, scars

Wk 2 discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk 2 discussion questions - Essay ExampleThis will help him feel successful.I remember that in grade school I was a not a good maths student. Everything was fine in math class until quaternary grade. That is when multiplication and division was introduced. I understood addition and subtraction and working with decimals, but multiplication was very hard for me to grasp. I was weak in my math skills going into 5th grade. My teacher worked with me until Christmas break to help me learn my multiplication tables. She was emotion anyy supportive through this entire process by rewarding and recognizing all of my successes. She never made me feel as though I was wasting her time or that I was a burden. She made it clear that everyone learns how to do math in his or her own way and in his or her own time.When I returned from Christmas break, I thought I was finished with my tutoring sessions with the teacher, but to my surprise they were conscionable beginning. I was still having trouble m emorizing the multiplication tables, so my teacher began to keep me inside from recess. I hated this, but I never remember looking at as though I was being punished. The kindness my teacher used, and her unwavering firmness in insisting I learn these math facts, was a slap-up support to me as I progressed through the year. Her emotional support helped to make me a

How Far Should Pornography Be Regulated in the 21st Century Essay - 1

How Far Should Pornography Be Regulated in the 21st Century - Essay ExampleFr exmple, Mrshll nd Brbree (1984) stted tht there hve been drmtic increses in the munt f vi contribute sex in bth sft cre . . . nd hrd cre prngrphy. . . vilble in Western scieties. Brry (1979) stted, The mst prevlent theme in prngrphy is ne f utter cntempt fr wmen . . . (wh) re rped, ejculted n, urinted n, nlly penetrted, beten, nd, with the dvent f snuff films, murdered in n rgy f plesure. Russell nd Lederer (1980) lleged tht prngrphy usully cmbines sme srt f vilence with sex. Dwrkin (1981) in describing prngrphy stted, rel wmen re tied up, stretched, hnged, fucked, gng-bnged, whipped, beten, nd begging fr mre. Similrly, Griffin (1981) described prngrphy s usully wmn, smetimes mn, ften child, is bducted by frce, verblly bused, beten, bund hnd nd ft nd ggged, ften trtured, ften hung, his r her bdy suspended, wunded, nd then murdered. ll these clims s fr prngrphy nd its negtive impct n sciety hs evked cntrv ersil pprch t the regultin f prngrphy nd subsequent vilence in 21st century. Frm ne side the demcrtic system is believed t hve freedm in mss medi nd thus expnd different kinds f infrmtin, frm nther side the bscentity by which the wrld hs been filled with respect t prngrphy mkes it imprtnt t regulte nd cntrl the infrmtin vilble fr the peple f different ges. The prngrphy cntrversy is cmplex ne, spnning persnl, technicl nd public rgument (see Gdnight) s it invkes scil, mrl, legl, nd ethicl clims. It ls rises interesting thereticl questinsbut the wy persnl testimny pertes in public rgument. Prir t ll f these cnsidertins, hwever, is hw the cntrversy is distinguished by the primry rle plyed by definitinl rgument.

How Case Managers Benefit from Electronic Medical Records Essay

How Case Managers Benefit from Electronic Medical Records - Essay Example from SAM Advanced Management Journal, 74, p. 54+. The topic deals with the EMR implementation in health care organizations and the management case managers would benefit from this step. In the modern globalized world high-speed development of technological innovations leads to an overall appendage and expansion of computerization. Different companies, firms and organizations are looking for the most convenient ways to facilitate the work of their employees. on that pointfore, case managers in health care organizations underline the need of electronic medical records implementation. Unfortunately, it is evident that very often case managers reject electronic medical records usage. In accordance with Seeman and Gibson (2009) such kind of behavior should be analyzed in terms of Daviss technology acceptance model and Ajzens theory of planned behavior. The first benefit for case managers when using electronic m edical records is the way to costs cutting and health care industry efficiency. This can be explained by direct functions of EMR. This technology enables fast and efficient collection of the following entropy (demographic, financial, and medicalinformation). The storage, transmission and processing of the collected entropy facilitates the work of case managers. There is no need to penetrate into useless and boring paper activities. There is a right way to process data in digital format. Consequently, it is evident that EMR implementation will change handwritten order documentation, minimizing transcription errors, and fundamentally reducing clinical mistakes (Seeman and Gibson, 2009, p. 54). Case managers claim that physicians are able to make more relevant and appropriate decisions in case this technology is implemented. Sometimes, such promptitude guarantees lives saving. In accordance with the article, case managers underline the importance of digital data processing in the pro cess of their performance. A possibility to save huge amounts of data facilitates the job of case managers in the modern world of digital age. In spite of the position that the concept of electronic medical records was developed 40 long time ago, only the modern digital age enables keeping and collecting data of patients in different amounts. Unfortunately, health care organizations do not pay much(prenominal) attention to implementation of EMR into practice. The article states that less than 10% of American hospitals have enabled their case managers to facilitate their work by means of EMR. Another intimidating fact is that case managers may not have such an opportunity to facilitate their job. There are some predictions that by 2014 electronic medical records are introduced crosswise America, but these predictions can hardly be true. Therefore, the article comprises different points of technological advancement of case management. Summary of the article Supporting Management Pro grams A slopped criticism is also evident in the article Supporting Management Programs (n.d.) The issue is one of adoption of EMR. Are people really ready to do this? As long as its easier to script it out and hand it to a voice-activated nurse, thats what the physician will do (Supporting Management Programs). Another important point, represented in the article is the fact that case managers have many other obligations and it is too hard for them

Accounting - finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting - finance - Essay ExampleLastly, a work out is important because it is used by the management to monitor the results of operations and to take any corrective actions when such a need arises.Another concern real much applicable to a manufacturing company like ours is the proper implementation of a standard cost and discrepancy reporting system. According to Gene Siciliano (2003, p. 134), the antecedent of this system lies in the analysis of the differences or variances and utilizing the results of such analysis to ensure that the managers change what they are doing, all for the long-term profitability of the company. The standard cost and variance reporting system is important because it helps management measure the efficiency of each department it aids management in pinpointing where exactly the deviations occur and in victorious corrective measures accordingly it controls costs and, lastly, it aids management in making the right decisions on which areas need to be ad dressed (Globusz Publishing, n.d.).HK Corporation (the Company), like a lot of companies, has its own budget and standard cost system. However, in the last few years, we have been unable to meet our budgeted targets for sales and net income before income levy making the budget fail in its goal to control our operations. I believe that our budgeting process has contributed to our failure to achieve our targets. This report that I am submitting shows why I believe this is the case. My report also contains some suggestions or recommendations on how our budgeting process can be revised to solve its problem and how we can modify on our standard costs and variance reporting systems.First of all, the top-down approach has led to inadequate allocation of resources and dissatisfaction among the managers. In fact, most often than not, subsequently the director of finance and the other managers met to thresh out the problem areas in the budget, we see our managers often left

Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Assignment2 - Essay ExampleGlossary..13 Images Image 1 The Waikato River System4 Image 2 The Waikato River transition through Hamilton City..5 Abstract The government of New Zealand has made it known that it intends to sell Mighty River king together with some other assets Mighty River Power is the sole proprietor of the Waikato River Hydro scheme which makes use of waters of the Waikato river water to generate hydroelectric power. A number of Maori organizations necessitate indicated that they are against the sale because they believe they should have a say on the usage of the waters of river Waikato, and through the sale they will not be able to put this claim to the test. This issue has resulted in a nationwide debate regarding the ownership of the rivers waters, and is therefore worth discussing and writing about. The Treaty of Waitangi, an agreement between the Maori tribes of New Zealand and the Britains colonial government, was subscribe in 1840 after much deliberation by the Queen and a growing concern for the welfare of New Zealands indigenous peoples (Orange 1987, pg.32). The Resource worry Act (RMA) was an act of parliament that was passed in 1991 for the primary purpose of stipulating how New Zealands natural resources should be managed, and the principles of the Treaty are regarded as the guiding fabric of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... At the end of this report, this question should be solved and more clarity should be achieved with regards to this issue. 1. Introduction The Treaty of Waitangi is often viewed as the founding account of the country that is now known as New Zealand (Calman 2003, pg.30). Since its signing in 1840, it has played a very influential role in shaping the country, how its resources are managed and its relation to its indigenous peoples (in this case the Maori). Over years, there have been disagreements between the New Zealand government over the management of resources that the Maori people consider theirs. Most recen tly, the primes intention to sell Mighty River Power has drawn criticism, outrage and uproar from various groups representing the Maori people. The purpose of this report is to discuss, examine and evaluate the Treaty, the RMA and the principles and to come up with a sensible and practical conclusion on the issue at hand. These three aspects are very important to the final outcome since they explain where any this is coming from and how it can be resolved. The significance of this report is that it will finally decide how to move forward in this whole conundrum it will wait on at both parties claims and address them in a sound manner and finally put the matter to bed. This report will cover events and aspects dating from 1840 to the accepted and most recent controversy pitting the government of New Zealand and the Maori people. As a result, whatever conclusion is reached will be arrived at after a lot of factors are studied and examined exhaustively. Limitations to this study mi ght be that so many changes have occurred since 1840, and yet everything in between must be looked into the

Reform Movement in the United States Essay Example for Free

Reform Movement in the United States EssayThe protestant revival movement that began in the 1790s in untried England caused reforms in America. Between 1825 and 1850, the United States government made reforms that greatly increased the influence of democratic ideals universal voting and individual rights. Such reforms included prisons, churches, women suffrage, temperance, and education.prison house reforms expanded democratic ideals through with(predicate) the change in policies and mission statements. Debtor prisons were abolished, the number of capitol crimes was reduced, and prison became a place of reform as well as punishment. As shown in document A, the Fourth Annual Report, Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the City of New York, 1829, stated, To confine these youthful criminals . . . where little endure be leaned but the ways of the wicked. It is saying that the prisons originally were bad and that reforming people would be useless and therefore the reform of the prisons would fix this problem and therefore be open to save individual rights and become clean.Church reforms also expanded democratic ideals through allowing freedom of religion and expansion of different sects. As Charles G. Finney in 1834 said, When the churches are . . . awakened and reformed . . . the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow. He is saying that because the church reformed, the people will reform in the same way. Therefore, by using this information, one can say that because the churchs rights were more readily expressed, the people would also have more individual rights.Woman suffrage was the most look across traits that greatly increased the democratic ideals of United States. As woman rights began to increase, women showed that they were more independent as shown through the cult of domesticity. Women were original similar to the status of slaves because they had no voice. This is shown in the engraving by Patrick Reason in 1835 wh ere a woman is in shackles. It shows the original status of women which changes slightly to more universal suffrage in America.Temperance also expanded democratic ideals in that it gave people more rights to form what they felt was correct. Because it was lead by women, a group ofsociety commonly suppressed, it was unique in that women started to voice their opinions. In the painting The Drunkards Progress, From the First Glass to the Grave in 1846, it shows that women were most affected by it and that they were motivated to change it. Women were able to speak out and affect the world and that shows individual rights.Education also played a role in expanding democratic ideals. Education was improved through new textbooks, publicized, and improved teaching training facilities increase the average education of the masses. This created a more knowledgeable mass and therefore universal male suffrage was more possible.Through the reforms of prisons, churches, women suffrage, temperance, and education, democratic ideals were expanded. Democratic ideals of universal suffrage and individual rights were spread throughout America. The reforms between 1825 and 1850 expanded democratic ideals.

Piaget’s Cognitive development theory Essay Example for Free

Pi daysts Cognitive growing hypothesis EssayJean Piaget and his theory of the storeys of cognitive development cause made significant parts to a wide cross-section of disciplines including educational psychology and applied developmental psychology. Though his original theory has undergone some come up of changes, the basic tenets ar still applic able in disposition how valets develop progressively from birth to adulthood. some(prenominal) theorists have criticized Piagets theory and have proposed alternative approaches to explaining human development.Other theorists have espoused Piagets theory with few modifications or additions to the original theory. Nevertheless his theory of cognitive development has had a howling(a) imp crook on developmental psychology and will continue to represent a valid theory in functioning to gain the nature and corresponds of human development. The field of applied developmental psychology has and will continue to benefit from the v iews put forward by Piaget. Biography of Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896 to what he diethylstilboestrolcribed as a tumultuous family environment.From an early age Piaget showed signs of having superior intelligence and acquired an interest in several field of study including psychoanalytic theory, philosophy, mechanics and natural history. At the very young age of ten he published a study on mollusks (malacology). Several days by and by, in 1917 he published a philosophical novel. His intellectual and research accomplishments thereafter are numerous. In 1918, at only 21 years of age he obtained his doctoral degree in Biology from the University of Neuchatel continuing his study of mollusks in his thesis.His interest in philosophy and psychology led him to Zurich where he worked with mental patients while studying psychoanalytic theory. His interest in babe developmental psychology began in Paris with his work in a research laboratory at a grade school. Here he worked along with Alfred Binet, who headed the laboratory, in standardizing undercoating tests for Paris babyren. He became curious about the thought processes of children that influenced them producing either the slump or incorrect answers. Piaget published a number of articles discussing the research he conducted here.In 1921 Piaget was made director of studies at the Institut J. J. Rousseau in Geneva. In 1923 he espouse Valentine Chatenay with whom he had three children. He continued his study of child psychology and later published five books on the topic. His background in Biology had a significant amount of influence in his research (Slavin, 2000). These publications subsequently distinguished him in this field of study. His academic and administrative appointments saw him working at the University of Geneva, the Sorbonne, the Institut des Sciences de lEducation, and the Bureau International de lEducation.He is also noned to have founded and d irected a center for philosophers and psychologists called the Centre dEpistemologie Genetique. He worked along with several other researchers including Alina Szeminska, Barbel Inhelder, and Marcel Lambercier. Among the research topics that he conducted extensive studies on have been noted the notions of number, physical quantity, and space manipulation of objects and the development of perception. These areas collaboratively contributed to his theory of cognitive development.His platform of study was both at the professional and personal level. It is widely kn witness that he conducted detailed observations of his three children Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent finishedout their infant and oral communication development years. His wife, herself a psychologist, also worked along with him during his observations, recording the behaviors of their children (Fischer Hencke, 1996). Piagets contributions to the field of developmental psychological are indeed considerable and have been widely acknowledged.He was awarded the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award in 1969 by the American Psychological Association for his contributions. At his death in Geneva on phratry 16, 1980, Piaget had written and published more than 40 books and over 100 articles or chapters dealing with the topic of child psychology. His earliest works include The Origins of Intelligence in Children (1936/1952), The Construction of Reality in the Child (1937/1954) and Play, Dreams, and Imitation in Childhood (1945/1951) (Fischer Hencke, 1996).To date his research is believed to have made the single around important contribution to developmental psychology (Slavin, 2000 Beilin, 1992) and to a large extent the field of cognitive development psychology was founded primarily on his work (Goswami, 2001, p. 259). Piagets theory of cognitive development Piaget sought to describe how development occurs from the moment of birth unto adulthood and the cognitive changes that occur as physical dev elopment takes place. Using his background in Biology and his knowledge of the way organisms behave relative to their environment, Piaget sought to explain how children think along these lines.Piagets position that children construct knowledge based on these processes was in antithesis to behaviorist orientation which suggested that behavior was molded exclusively by external environmental forces. Piagets theory was more constructivist in nature proposing that all(prenominal) child is actively involved in constructing his own reality. Construction of knowledge, Piaget argued, was facilitated via the action of the processes of adaptation, accommodation, assimilation and equilibration.Piaget commenced by proposing that children are born with a natural inclination to interact with and a need to understand their environment (Slavin, 2000). From the earliest stage children develop mental patterns that guide their behavior, what Piaget calls schemes. Schemes are used to find out about a nd act in the world (Slavin, 2000, p. 30). The goal of intellectual development, according to Piaget, was towards adaptation where existing schemes are adjusted in response to modifications in the environment.As brisk situations resurrect children either incorporate new objects or events into existing schemes through assimilation or they adjust existing schemes when new objects and events do not fit into those existing schemes in the process of accommodation. When unfamiliar situations arise a state of disequilibrium ensues and the processes of accommodation and assimilation facilitate the return to equilibrium where balance is restored between existing understanding and new experiences the process of equilibration (Slavin, 2000). The dimensions of the theoryPiaget believed that children passed through four different stages of development that are defined by different characteristic features from birth to adulthood. Piaget proposed that each(prenominal) child moves progressivel y through each of the stages of cognitive development as they mature physically. The four distinct stages of cognitive development that Piaget has specified are the sensorimotor, preoperating(a), concrete operational and formal operational periods. He also gives an estimate as to the age at which each child will enter either stage.Wakefield (1996) points out, though, that the age throw off for each stage is only an average a child may enter a specific stage earlier or later than that estimated by Piaget. However, each child, Piaget argues, mustiness pass through each of these stages of development in the specified order and no child can skip a finicky stage. It must also be noted here that his theory is necessarily universal as it examines only how all children will progress and does not try out to analyze individual differences among children. The sensorimotor period represents a child zero (0) to dickens (2) years old.The main aspects of this stage Slavin (2000) summarizes as where infants learn about their milieu by using their senses and motor skills. Piaget believes that each child is born with some built in mechanisms and tendencies and these he labels as reflexes. Because a newborn child has not yet developed a concept of his environment, his initial response to this environment up to one month old is instinctive. These reflexes, however, soon become the basis through which the child acquires new perspectives and behaviors (schemes) in an attempt to learn about and understand his environment.From birth to one month children grow to establish schemes as they commence the touch of interacting with and understanding their environment. Initially displaying behaviors by simple reflex children soon begin to modify these reflexes. From one to four months children attempt to reproduce recurring themes in their schemas. Children later begin to establish repetitive patterns in behavior and to associate different behaviors with different schemes. Examples include an infant crying when hungry and laughing when happy.The period two to four months Fischer and Silvern (1985) notes as when the child is developing the ability to intelligently adapt individual actions such as grasping a rattle (p. 634). amid four and eight months children are more object-oriented paying more attention to objects in their external environment, becoming more observant and less preoccupied with issues colligate to themselves such as hunger and sleep. Children begin to display more coordination in their schemes.From eight to 12 months children become aware of what they want and begin to construct their own schemas in order to achieve their goals. Behaviors are now more deliberate, carried out with a particular purpose in view. From 12 to 18 months children they are exploring new possibilities with objects in their environment. A childs action at this stage is very experimental using trial and error to discover new schemas. From 18 to 24 months children begin to transition from this stage to the second preoperational stage.They are developing the ability to function using symbolic representations. Of course a child at the sensorimotor stage may not necessarily be able to fully understand every new thing that he perceives in his environment. Wakefield (1996) comments that, even though a child is unable to perform some amount of logical idea at this stage, there is still some attempt to understand his environment through the use of his sense perceptions and motor skills. The preoperational stage is between ages two and seven years approximately.At this second stage children begin to be able to use symbols to represent things mentally by associating those new things with objects they are familiar with. While they are a little more developed cognitively than the earlier stage they still have a very narrow view of their environment. Within this stage, from age two to four years a child is relatively egocentric believing that everyone else se es things from their perspective. They also possess some amount of animism, believing that objects have characteristics similar to living things such as the ability to move.From age four to seven children further develop their reasoning capacities even though their thought processes are not completely logical. They have difficulty, however, with the concepts of centration and saving. Slavin (2000) explains these concepts by illustrating that in this stage a child does not understand that the amount of milk in a tall glass is the same when it is poured into a shallower container nor are they able to get in that an object painted a different color is still the same object.The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage which covers children olden seven to eleven. At this stage children, while experiencing difficult thinking in abstract, are able to form concepts and solve problems. Of course they must be able to relate such operations to already familiar objects or situations in order for them to function properly. They are now able to understand and apply the principles of conservation and centration. Their reasoning is also considerably more logical and can show interrelations between different objects and classes of objects.They are still limited, however, in that they are unable to reason in abstract terms but need concrete circumstances and examples as guides. A child in the final formal operational stage, dogged from age eleven (11) to adulthood, is now able to reason in abstract and to conceptualize situations beyond what they can see and touch. They have now developed the mental ability to perform reasoning about events, actions or objects that they cannot see or that are strictly hypothetical and they are also able to use deductive reasoning.They begin to devise plans to solve problems and test their hypothesis against a variety of options. Piagets stratification of cognitive development into different stages has considera ble implications particularly for educational goals. Because children are able only after having moved through authoritative stages, to manipulate certain tasks and to be effective in certain cognitive activities, learning situations must be structured so that they match the developmental stages.Education must therefore be developmentally appropriate to the abilities of the child and attempts should be made to help children, as they progress from one stage to the next, to manipulate the operations inherent at each stage. Piagets view of cognitive development has been quite formidable and influential in helping researchers understand the processes at work at different stages and ages. There have, however, been several criticisms of the model. One of the major criticisms has focused on the presumed universality of the stages that Piaget describes.He supposes that every child, irrespective of situational context, will go through these stages at a prescribed time and that the princip les are therefore applicable to all children everywhere. just about researchers have noted, however, that the rate and stage of development is not at all universal. The ages that Piaget initially suggested as delineating each stage are therefore thought of as rough estimates and children can enter and exit each stage either earlier or later than initially prescribed.Another concern that was raised with regards to Piagets theory was that it suggested that as the child progressed through the stages that the abilities at the lower stage no longer become useful or necessary. Piaget later clarified, however, that the concrete thinking and other abilities at the lower stage are not only essential before a child is able to progress to more composite plant thinking but they are also persistent over time and that a child never loses the lower abilities. He suggests that over time certain tasks become automatic, almost instinctive, but they are still essential even in the later stages of de velopment.Further Piagets original theory had not considered the authorization impact that the environment may have in impacting behavior. His initial argument much to anti-behaviorist and thus the power of environmental factors to shape behavior was almost ignored. horizontal though he accounted for these influences in his explanations of the process of adaptation and equilibration, he did not focus much on this aspect. Researchers have found that various social and environmental factors can have a considerable impact on a childs development.They propose that a child can enter a stage earlier and progress through that stage much quicker than others based on the stimuli available in his environment. Similarly a childs development may be significantly retarded if adequate stimuli are not provided in the environment. A child would therefore progress through stages later and at a slower pace. The behaviorist position that the environment matters is therefore not completely invalid an d their view of the potential influence of the external environment in shaping behavior has some merit.Despite this failure to fully acknowledge and explain the relevance and impact of environmental factors in facilitating knowledge bend based on reality and even though the theory seems to emphasize universal stages of development, Fischer and Hencke (1996) believe that Piaget with his cognitive development theory is notably still the most influential researcher and theorist on developmental that the twentieth century has seen (Fischer Hencke, 1996, p. 09). Current research Several theorists have arisen in more recent multiplication to expand on Piagets original theory, to propose modifications on the areas of weakness or to suggest a complete new approach to understanding cognitive development. Among those worthy of mention are Robbie Case, Kurt Fischer, Michael Shayer and Juan Pascual-Leone. Robbie Case is a neo-Piagetian who agrees with Piagets general position that children go through developmental stages.Case also agrees with Piaget that each stage is delineated based on age and is representative of the changing ways that children are able to mentally represent reality and how they process information in their promontorys. Case also supports that cognitive development occurs in four stages commencing from when a child is around one month old until the period of adulthood. Within each stage he also recognizes substages of development postulating, like Piaget that each successive stage is a continuation or a building on to the fountain (Sternberg, 1987, p. 08). Beginning in the mid-nineteen seventies Case began to propose alternative interpretations of the stage development theory. He has developed some characteristics in his new theory that are not in complete alignment with original Piagetian thought. His first area of departure is with relation to the way that information is processed in the brain throughout the stages.